Discussion: Passions and Tempers: A History of the Humours

Author: Noga Arikha

Description: In this engaging historical account, Arikha traces the origins and evolution of the concept of the humours—the four bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) that ancient and medieval thinkers believed determined personality and health. The book explores how this theory influenced Western medicine, philosophy, and cultural ideas about temperament.

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