Porphyry
Neoplatonist philosopher; student of Plotinus; author of Isagoge and Life of Plotinus.
Aeschylus
Ancient Greek tragedian; earliest of the three great tragedians; author of the Oresteia.
Pseudo-Apollodorus
Attributed author of The Library (Bibliotheca), a compendium of Greek mythology.
Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Swiss playwright and novelist; author of The Visit and The Physicists; explored justice, guilt, and moral responsibility.
Thomas More
English lawyer, humanist, and statesman; author of Utopia; Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII; martyred for opposing the king.
Alcman
Ancient Greek choral lyric poet; author of the Partheneion.
Flavius Josephus
First-century Romano-Jewish historian; author of The Jewish War and Antiquities of the Jews.
Evagrius Ponticus
Christian monk and ascetic writer; author of Praktikos and Kephalaia Gnostika.
John Cassian
Christian monk and theologian; author of Institutes and Conferences.
Origen
Early Christian scholar and theologian; prolific writer on biblical interpretation; influential in developing Christian theology.
William Harvey
English physician; discovered the circulation of blood; author of De Motu Cordis; revolutionized understanding of anatomy.
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was lauded as ...
Roger Bacon
English philosopher and Franciscan friar; early advocate of the scientific method; wrote on optics, alchemy, and natural philosophy.
Nemesius of Emesa
Christian philosopher and bishop; author of On the Nature of Man, synthesizing Christian theology with Greek philosophy.
Persius
Roman poet and satirist; author of six satires critiquing Roman society with Stoic philosophy.
Heliodorus
Greek writer; author of the ancient Greek novel Aethiopica, an elaborate romantic adventure that influenced Renaissance literature.
Chariton
Ancient Greek novelist; author of Callirhoe, one of the earliest surviving Greek novels; romance set in the 5th century BC.
Achilles Tatius
Greek writer of the Roman period; author of the ancient Greek novel Leucippe and Clitophon; known for elaborate rhetoric and adventurous plot.
Antoine Lavoisier
French nobleman and chemist; father of modern chemistry; discovered the role of oxygen in combustion; reformed chemical nomenclature.
Isaac Newton
English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer; author of Principia Mathematica; formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Omar Khayyam
Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet; author of the Rubaiyat; known for philosophical quatrains on life and mortality.
Patrick Leigh Fermor
British travel writer and soldier; celebrated for literary travelogues across Europe and wartime exploits.
Ilanko Atikal
Tamil poet and Jain monk; author of Silappatikaram, one of the Five Great Epics of Tamil literature.
Boethius
Roman philosopher and statesman; author of The Consolation of Philosophy.
Adam Smith
Scottish economist and philosopher; author of The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments; father of modern economics.
Evliya Çelebi
Ottoman traveler and writer; author of the Seyahatname (Book of Travels).
Thomas Browne
English polymath and physician; author of Religio Medici and Urn Burial; known for baroque prose and wide-ranging erudition.
Takuan Soho
Japanese Zen Buddhist monk; wrote on Zen and swordsmanship; his letters to samurai explored the connection between Zen and martial arts.
George Herbert
Welsh-born English poet and Anglican priest; metaphysical poet; author of The Temple, exploring religious devotion and spiritual struggle.
Rumi
Jalal al-Din Rumi was a 13th-century Persian poet, Islamic scholar, and Sufi mystic. His Masnavi (Spiritual Couplets) is a cornerstone of Sufi literat...
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